Sunflower Cake Extraction Machine

Introduction

To extract the oil from the sunflower cake, there are several kinds of oil extractors.

Percolation Extractor: At the center of the extraction plant is the extractor. A percolation-type extractor is by far the most commonly used for the removal of oil from oilseeds such as soybeans, canola, or sunflower. Figure 4 shows that in ‘percolation’ a liquid drains down through a porous bed of material and through a screen which supports the material - similar to a coffee percolator. As the solvent (usually hexane) passes down through the bed of oil-bearing material, the oil is dissolved in the solvent and carried away. When properly carried out with stages of extraction (as will be described), the extraction process results in a very good separation of the edible oil from the solids or nutritious meal fraction.

Three Common Types of Extractor: These machines might be categorized in the following manner (with approximate bed depths): The Crown or ‘vertical loop’ extractor typically has a relatively shallow bed (0.3-1 m) and a bed useful length about 50 times as long as it is deep, but curved into a loop for compactness. The straight-line linear units often have a medium depth (0.9-1.8 m) and length about 15 times as long. The round extractors commonly have a deeper bed (1.6-2.9 m) held in wedge-shaped cells defined by distinct, solid cell walls; often there are about 16 to 24 cells. (One perhaps unusual machine operating on expanded soybean collets had well over 3.7 m bed depth.) The proportions of this geometry require that the bed be contained in cells or baskets such that material will not be washed out of position, and the cell walls force the miscella to travel within the column and into the correct tank below.

Common to all these machines is the need for a large volume of material in full contact with the solvent. Actually, there is only a moment of contact with the pure solvent, near the point where the solvent enters the machine, because the solvent immediately begins to pick up some oil and then becomes a mixture called ‘miscella’. One can see in Figure 5 the volume of the bed in each machine is the bed length times the bed depth times the bed width. No extraction will occur before the first wash initiates contact of solvent and solids, and no oil or solvent can be removed after the final drainage area where the screen ends. Therefore, we will only consider that part of the flake bed as the useful volume or wet volume. All of the extraction work must be accomplished in this volume of flakes, and this also defines the effective retention time of the machine.

Technical Parameters

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