Peanut Oil Refinery Machine

Introduction

The refining of peanut oil is composed of several steps. Bleaching is one of the important parts. It can remove the colored impurities in the peanut oil, and make it clear. Besides, it can also remove some of the other impurities in the oil.

In this step, which is common to both physical and alkali refining, the hot oil (around 100ºC) is slurried with acid-activated bleaching earth (1-2%), normally calcium montmorillonite or natural hydrated aluminium silicate (bentonite). Under these conditions adsorption of color bodies, trace metals and oxidation products as well as residual soaps and phospholipids remaining after washing neutralized oils takes place. For optimum adsorption of both color bodies and oxidation products to be achieved, the reaction time has to exceed 15 minutes and no more than 30 minutes at usual bleaching temperatures. The removal of chlorophyllic pigments is very important since they are not eliminated in any other stage of refining, as carotenoid compounds are in deodorization. On the other hand, final filtration must eliminate completely the activated earths as residual traces act as prooxidants during oil storage because of their iron content.

Acid-activated clays are the major adsorbent used, although active carbons and synthetic silicas are also applied industrially with more specific goals. Thus, active carbons are used specifically to eliminate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from some oils, especially fish oils and pomace oils, while synthetic silicas are quite efficient in adsorbing secondary oxidation products, phospholipids and soaps.

This is a critical step to obtain high-quality oils, because two types of adsorption occur between the compounds to be adsorbed and the absorbent: on one hand, reversible physical adsorption based on intermolecular forces of low strength and, on the other hand, irreversible chemisorption with a strong interaction, which causes chemical reactions.

Technical Parameters

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