Rice Oil Refinery Machine

Introduction

Bleaching, winterization and deodorization are important parts in the oil refining.

The purpose of bleaching (or decolorizing) is to reduce the levels of pigments such as carotenoids and chlorophyll, but this treatment also further removes residues of phosphatides, soaps, traces of metals, oxidation products, and proteins. These trace components interfere with further processing. They reduce the quality of the final product and are removed by adsorption with activated clay or silica. In integrated crushing / refining plants the used bleaching earth may be brought back into the meal. Bleaching earth originating from stand-alone refining plants and / or hardening plants, the latter which can contain nickel is excluded from recycling into feed and is disposed of outside the feed chain. If heavy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are present in crude oil, activated carbon shall be used for their removal. The bleaching clay containing activated carbon is disposed of outside the feed sector.

During winterization, waxes are crystallized and removed in a filtering process to avoid clouding of the liquid fraction at cooler temperatures. The filter cake that remains after the filtering process consists of oil, waxes and filter aid. The filter cake can be recycled to the toaster and added to the meal (in an integrated crushing/refining plant) or sold as such as a feed material (refining standalone). The term winterization was originally applied decades ago when cottonseed oil was subjected to winter temperatures to accomplish this process. Winterization processes using temperature to control crystallization are carried out on sunflower and maize oil. This process is also referred to as dewaxing.

Deodorization is a vacuum steam distillation process that removes the relatively volatile components that give rise to undesirable flavors, colors and odors in fats and oils. This is feasible because of the great differences in volatility between these undesirable substances and the triglycerides. The purpose of deodorization is to remove odors, off-flavors and other volatile components such as pesticides and light polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by stripping Careful execution of this process will also improve the stability and the color of the oil, whilst preserving the nutritional value. Depending on the residence time in the deodorizer, the process is carried out under vacuum (0.5 – 8 mbar) and at temperatures between 180° - 270°C, and using a stripping medium, such as steam or nitrogen, since the substances responsible for odors and flavors are usually volatile. Conditions are adapted within these ranges as appropriate to ensure the removal of specific substances. Further removal of the proteins is achieved at this step. 

Technical Parameters

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